Reliability is the most important feature of any floating Lidar system and is a core tenet of Blue Aspirations’ design philosophy. Drawing on our team’s expertise in design principles from the telecommunications industry, the system emphasizes redundancy in its key components. The commercial model was also iteratively designed using simulations to model failure paths and eliminate single points of failure. Key examples of how these principles are embodied in the floating Lidar system include:
Since the motion of the buoy affects LiDAR wind direction and wind speed measurements, Blue Aspirations’ system is equipped with a motion sensor to acquire high-resolution pitch and roll data, and heading and DGPS sensors to obtain accurate heading information. Our patented algorithm then uses a projection method to correct the LiDAR wind speed data to the appropriate horizontal plane. By calculating the LiDAR installation angle offset from the heading sensor’s true north, the system is likewise able to transform the collected wind direction data to the correct angle.
Modules | Details |
Buoy |
-Diameter: 5m -Height: 9m -Weight: 14.5t -Net Buoyancy: 10.5t -Structure: multiple cabinets -Materials: PE, carbon steel, stainless steel |
Mooring System |
-Water-depth: >5m -Anchor: cement block and/or mooring anchor -Mooring: one-point mooring -Adjustable to suit site-specific requirements including deep water-depth -Multiple mooring system is also available |
Control System |
-Industrial PLC -or BA's embedded controller |
LiDARs |
-LiDARs: Dual LiDAR(default) (Windcube offshore version; ZX 300M, Movelaser B300M) |
Power Supply |
-Battery Capacity: total 60kwh in multiple groups; -Wind Turbines: 2×350W; -Solar Panels: 1600W, multiple groups; - Fuel cells: 2x110W with 224L fuel(optional) |
Navigation System |
-AIS×1 -Radar reflector×2 -IALA-compliant navigation ligh1×-1 Supporting dual navigation light but Need to meet the requirement of local authority |
Positioning System |
-Directions: 0-360° -Direction accuracy: 0.09° (2m baseline) -Positioning accuracy: 0.5m (horizontal, SBAS mode) |
Motion Sensors | -GNSS-INS sensor×2 or GNSS-INS sensor×1 and MRU sensor×1 |
Communication Systems |
-SAT Modules: Iridium SBD×1, other Broadband SAT data modules (optional); -Mobile Networks: 2G/3G/4G×1; 2.4G/5G Wi-Fi×2; Local Ethernet connection |
Data Acquisition |
-Dual Industrial PCs -Interfaces: serial×6, Ethernet×2 |
Hydrological sensors (optional) |
-Doppler current sensor -Wave sensor and water depth sensor -Water salinity and temperature sensor |
Blue Aspirations’ floating LiDAR system is equipped with the following power systems:
l Battery Banks: 4 Groups, total 60 kwh;
l Wind Turbines: 2×350W
l Solar Panels: 1600W, multiple groups
l Fuelcells: 2 x 110W, 8 tanks of fuel, total 248 kwh
System Power Analysis
Energy stored | Batteries(12v,250AH) x 20 | Fuel(M28, 31kwh) x 8 |
308 kwh | 60 kwh | 248 kwh |
Single or dual LiDAR | Daily system power consumption | Days only with batteries and fuel |
Single ZX LiDAR | 125w x 24h-->3 kwh (daily) | 102 days |
Single Windcube LiDAR | 85w x 24h -->2.04kwh (daily) | 150 days |
Dual LiDAR | 180w x 24h-->4.32 kwh (daily) | 71 days |
Power Analysis in the porject of OWA STAGE 2 Verfication in Dundee, Scotland( 6 months)
Total energy generated in the project (kWh) |
Solar Power Generation(kWh) |
Wind Power Generation (kWh) |
FuelCell Power Generation (kWh) |
|
Total | 1148.51 | 880.14 | 210.81 | 57.56 |
Daily | 6.38 | 4.89 | 1.17 | 0.32 |
From the tables we can see that the total system consumption(daily) of the floating LiDAR can be covered by the energy generated by solar panels and wind turbines, even both LiDARs are powered on.
Our power system is sufficient to support the floating LiDAR system with a double-LiDAR system(Hot standby). We also employ a power forecasting system to predict output from onboard wind turbines and solar panels and better plan for power utilization strategies.
The below graph shows a typical system voltage profile. We continuously maintain the system well above its voltage safety level of 24.5 V.
We would like to include in this document a summary of the reports from our clients or from third parties nominated by our clients that support our data accuracy and data availability claims.
A summary of the main results is provided below.
Client | Project Name | Buoy and LiDAR Model | Reference | Issuer of the report | Time | Main findings |
Blue Aspirations |
Carbon Trust OWA Road map Stage 2 Verification (Dundee, Scotland) |
BA-FLS-NX5, ZX 300M x 1; Windcube offshore V2 x1
|
Offshore Met Mast Inch Cape
|
Oldbaum Services from the UK (3rd-party certifier ). DNV will review the final report |
2023.3 - 2023.9 |
Interim Stage 2 Assessment Report for Windcube: Duration: 77days; System availability: 100% Data availability: >99.2% for all measurement heights Data accuracy(Wind speed): >2m/s: R2 > 0.991, Slope: 0.995~1.001 4~16m/s: R2 > 0.985, Slope: 0.988~1.001 Data accuracy(Wind Direction): 91m: R2 >0.998, Slope: 1.003, 101m: R2 >0.998, Slope: 1.003, 111m:R2 >0.998, Slope: 1.003, |
China Three Gorges |
Yangjiang, Guangdong |
BA-FLS-NX5, ZX 300M |
Offshore Met Mast |
Blue Aspirations |
2021 |
Duration: 2 months; System availability: 100% Data availability: >99.98% for all measurement heights Data accuracy(Wind speed): >2m/s: R2 > 0.9959, Slope: 0.9964~1.0096 4~16m/s: R2 > 0.9921, Slope: 0.9986~1.0122 Data accuracy(Wind Direction): 50m: R2 >0.9987, Slope: 1.0125, Offset:-1.9075 100m: R2 >0.9986, Slope: 1.0198, Offset:-1.4955 |
China Three Gorges |
Yangjiang, Guangdong |
BA-FLS-NX5, Molas B300M |
Offshore Met Mast |
Shanghai Institute |
2022 |
Duration: 2 months; System availability: 100% Data availability: >98.5% for all measurement heights Data accuracy(Wind speed): >2m/s: R2 > 0.99, Slope: 1.00~1.01 4~16m/s: R2 > 0.99, Slope: 1.00~1.02 Data accuracy(Wind Direction): R2 > 0.97, Slope: 1.03, Offset: -1.3 |
Blue Aspirations |
Prototype validation, Zhoushan, nearshore |
BA-FLS-2.4, ZX 300M |
Fixed ZX 300M |
DNVGL | 2019 |
Duration: 1 month; System availability: 100% Data availability: >97% for all measurement heights Data accuracy(Wind speed): >2m/s: R2 > 0.994, Slope: 0.994~1.003 Data accuracy(Wind Direction): R2 > 0.999, Slope: 0.998-1.002, Offset: -0.83~0.04 |
Huarun |
Cangnan, Zhejiang |
BA-FLS-NX5, ZX 300M |
Offshore Met Mast |
Huarun | 2020 |
Duration: 1 month; System availability: 100% Data availability: >96.24% for all measurement heights except 120m (Note: 91.31%, several foggy days) Data accuracy(Wind speed): >2m/s : R2 > 0.9918, Slope: 0.9889~1.0283 4~16m/s: R2 > 0.9851, Slope: 0.9851~0.9938 Data accuracy(Wind Direction): R2 > 0.9981, Slope: 0.9826~0.9961, Offset: -0.758~1.4559 |
Shanghai Institute |
Nanhui, Shanghai |
BA-FLS-NX5, ZX 300M |
Fixed platform ZX 300 |
Blue Aspirations |
2020 |
Duration: 2 months; System availability: 100% Data availability: >99.7% for all measurement heights Data accuracy(Wind speed, >2m/s and 4~16m/s): R2 > 0.97, Slope: 0.98~1.02 Note: the platform LiDAR has a fatal issue with wind direction thus Wind direction is not compared |
Power China |
Shantou |
BA4.1S, ZX 300M |
2020 |
Duration: 2 months; System availability: 100% Data availability: >99.0% for all measurement heights |
Turbulence Intensity (TI) is one of the key design inputs for offshore wind turbines and foundations. For floating LiDAR, turbulence correction is still one disputable field since normally the measured TI is higher due to the motion of the buoy under waves since the motion correction normally cannot remove all the motion effects to the 1-s wind speed data. We developed a correction algorithm to correct the FLS-measured TI to a real level and carried out a comparison after the correction with an offshore met mast in 2021. The chart and table show the results of this correction. We will also correct TI along with the data service by default.
Wind speed@50m | FLS Average TI Raw | FLS Average TI Corrected | Met Mast Average TI |
TI diff ratio, FLS vs Met Mast(%) |
TI diff, FLS vs Met Mast |
[2,3] | 0.180492 | 0.112551 | 0.107520 | 4.68 | 0.005031 |
[3,4] | 0.128281 | 0.078571 | 0.079221 | -0.82 | -0.00065 |
[4,5] | 0.139076 | 0.078529 | 0.078367 | 0.21 | 0.000162 |
[5,6] | 0.133846 | 0.069284 | 0.067774 | 2.23 | 0.00151 |
[6,7] | 0.142129 | 0.078143 | 0.075735 | 3. 18 | 0.002408 |
[7,8] | 0.145033 | 0.068586 | 0.066215 | 3.58 | 0.002371 |
[8,9] | 0.153255 | 0.069925 | 0.066153 | 5.70 | 0.003772 |
[9, 10] | 0.162506 | 0.064650 | 0.065711 | - 1.61 | -0.001061 |
[ 10, 11] | 0.173643 | 0.066369 | 0.063559 | 4.42 | 0.00281 |
[ 11, 12] | 0.180964 | 0.063365 | 0.063800 | -0.68 | -0.000435 |
[ 12, 14] | 0.180442 | 0.066502 | 0.065880 | 0.94 | 0.000622 |
[ 14, 16] | 0.198287 | 0.069350 | 0.073287 | -5.37 | -0.003937 |
[ 16, 18] | 0.197597 | 0.080980 | 0.078003 | 3.82 | 0.002977 |
[ 18,inf] | 0.194325 | 0.079881 | 0.078303 | 2.02 | 0.001578 |
A. INTRODUCTION
In partnership with nine offshore wind developers, the Carbon Trust launched the Offshore Wind Accelerator (OWA) program and in early 2014, the OWA released its Floating LiDAR Roadmap for Commercial Acceptance (the “OWA Roadmap”). The OWA Roadmap outlines the requirements floating LiDAR systems must satisfy to belong to one of three distinct stages of maturity:
Stage I: Baseline;
Stage II: Pre-commercial; and
Stage III: Commercial.
The BA FLS currently meets the requirements for Stage I. However, the BA FLS has met the availability requirements required by Stage III for more than 30 campaigns with FLS equipped with double LiDARs.
Stage II and III incorporate high accuracy and availability requirements and evidence of multiple successful long and short verification campaigns against trusted references. In an effort to provide greater confidence to its clients and partners, Blue Aspirations devised the following strategic roadmap for achieving the OWA Roadmap’s Stage II and Stage III classification.
B. OWA STAGE II AND STAGE III REQUIREMENTS
The OWA Roadmap’s Stage II and Stage III data availability and accuracy requirements are as follows:
Availability
KPI | Definition | Acceptance Criteria | |
Best Practice, Stage3 | Minimum Stage 2, Only | ||
MSA1M | Monthly System Availability | ≥95% | ≥90% |
OSACA | Overall System Availability | ≥97% | ≥95% |
MPDA1M | Monthly Post-processed Data Availability | ≥85% | ≥80% |
OPDACA | Overall Post-processed Data Availability | ≥90% | ≥85% |
Accuracy
KPI | Definition | Acceptance Criteria | |
Best Practice, Stage3 | Minimum Stage 2, Only | ||
Xmws | Wind speed – Slope | 0.98 – 1.02 | 0.97 – 1.03 |
R²mws | Wind speed – Coefficient of Determination | >0.98 | > 0.97 |
Mmwd | Mean Wind Direction – Slope | 0.97 – 1.03 | 0.95 – 1.05 |
OFFmwd | Mean Wind Direction – Offset | < 5° | < 10° |
R²mwd | Wind direction – Coefficient of Determination | > 0.97 | > 0.95 |
The OWA requires all Stage II and Stage III systems to have completed campaigns meeting the following duration and frequency criteria:
# | Stage 2 Requirement Description | Required Months | Number of Required Campaigns |
1 | Validation of the LIDAR performance onshore in a fixed frame of reference | The necessary time to fill all the wind bins | 1 |
2 | Validation of the floating LIDAR performance offshore under dynamic conditions | 6 | 1 |
C. CURRENT STATUS
The floating lidar system BA-FLS-NX5 is now still in Stage 1. However, it was deployed in early March 2023 beside the Inch Cape met mast in Scotland. The system kept a very good health condition even powering dual LiDARs simultaneously for more than three months. The first interim Stage 2 Type Verification report has been delivered by the UK 3rd-party certifier Oldbaum Services. The final report will also be reviewed by DNV.
The period of the assessment is 10-03-2023 to 25-05-2023 (77 days). The LiDAR’s data availability across all heights is above 99.2%. The mean wind speed deviations are within +-0.035m/s. Meanwhile, the max wind speeds are with quite low deviations.
The correlations of wind speed (>2m/s and 4-16m/s) and wind direction (>2m/s) all passed the Carbon Trust Stage 2 best practice acceptance thresholds.
D. ROADMAP to STAGE 3
We will not stop at Stage 2, and we will go further to the Stage 3. According to the OWA Stage 3 requirements we draw up a plan as follows.
Type Verification, Classification, and pre-commercial project requirements for Stage 3 | Plan and action |
Stage 2 FL Type Verification |
No.1 of BA-FLS-NX5 compared with Inch Cape met mast for Stage 2 FL Type Verification ( In progress in Scotland) It may count as 1 of 3 long trials and may count to Classification trials. |
FL Unit Verification (3 long and 3 short trials) |
Three long trials(May count to Classification trials): 1. No.1 of BA-FLS-NX5 is in progress of Stage 2 with met mast Inch Cape in Scotland 2. No.1 of BA-FLS-NX5 will be compared with No.2 met mast for more than 3 months in the next year( The No.2 met mast will be recommended by 3rd party). 3. No.2 of BA-FLS-NX5 will be compared with No.2 met mast for more than 3 months in the next year. Three short trials: 4. No.3 of BA-FLS-NX5 has been deployed in Jiangsu Province of China and is in progress for the short trial of unit verification. 5. The other 2 short trials will be compared with a fixed platform before 2 specific commercial projects(Pre-validation for one month), or we will deploy 2 of BA-FLS-NX5 directly for the unit verification |
FL offshore Classification (3 long trials) |
All these 3 FL Unit Verification long trials may count toward FL offshore Classification trials. |
Early Commercial Project Deployment |
5 deployments for more than one year. We have more than 30 commercial projects in China and more than 5 projects that the FLS has run for more than 1 year with over 95% of data availability. However, we still need to follow the OWA Roadmap to be supervised by a third party to prove it. We will find DNV, UL, or other third parties to take the job for the following commercial projects. |